• Multiple peer-reviewed narrative reviews confirm HA toothpastes demonstrate promising results on the remineralization of enamel lesions and preventing demineralization — showing either superiority or equivalency to fluoride toothpaste as anti-caries agents.

• An 18-month double-blind randomized clinical trial found no increase in DMFS index in 90.43% of HA group subjects vs 88.42% in the fluoride group — concluding statistical equivalence between HA and fluoride toothpaste for caries prevention.

• A 2019 in situ crossover RCT (n=30) comparing 10% HA vs 500ppm fluoride found both achieved significant remineralization with no statistically significant difference between the two agents.

• A 2025 narrative review analysed 15 clinical studies and concluded that HA is a safe and effective alternative to fluoride, especially for children or individuals at risk of overexposure.

• HA has also been shown in clinical studies to improve periodontal health, relieve dentin hypersensitivity, reduce biofilm adhesion, and produce visible tooth whitening.

Chicory root is a source of inulin, a natural prebiotic fibre. Emerging oral microbiome research suggests that supporting a healthy bacterial balance, rather than simply eliminating all bacteria, is a superior long-term approach to oral health. Inulin has demonstrated prebiotic effects and is being studied for analogous benefits in the oral microbiome.

Calcium carbonate is a widely accepted, food-grade polishing agent used in toothpaste to assist in mechanical plaque removal. It has a low Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA) value, making it gentle on enamel, and is alkaline by nature — helping to neutralise acid in the oral cavity.

• A 2025 in vitro study testing 8 essential oils against S. mutans found that spearmint showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy of all oils tested, including clove, eucalyptus, and tea tree.

• A 2024 oral microbiome study (16S rRNA sequencing, n=20) found that a spearmint-containing mint blend decreased the abundance of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Actinomyces, and Leptotrichia — all bacteria strongly associated with halitosis, dental caries, and periodontal disease.

• Menthol has well-documented antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antibiofilm properties and has been used in oral hygiene products for decades.

Glycerin is a standard, safety-profiled humectant used in all premium toothpaste formulas to maintain moisture and ensure even delivery of active ingredients. It holds GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) status from the FDA.

Eugenol from clove oil has been used in professional dentistry since the 19th century and remains present in many clinical dental materials today.

• Eugenol is classified as having anesthetic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels to reduce pain transmission.

• A 2006 clinical trial (n=73) found clove oil was as effective as benzocaine (a topical anaesthetic) for dental pain relief, with both performing significantly better than placebo.

• A 2025 systematic review of phytotherapeutic agents in dentistry (21 included studies) confirmed eugenol demonstrated efficacy in preventing alveolar osteitis and managing pulpal pain.

• In vitro studies confirm antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans at concentrations of 0.05–0.2%.

Naturally derived binders that give Peg Paste its texture and help suspend active ingredients evenly throughout the formula. Both are food-grade and safe for oral use. Acacia Senegal also has known prebiotic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate is a mild, amino acid-derived surfactant that creates foaming action for cleaning without the irritation associated with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). It is FDA-approved as an indirect food additive and CIR-approved for use in rinse-off and leave-on products, and is well tolerated by people with sensitive gums and oral tissue.

Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol (found in berries, fruits, and birch wood) that has been studied for dental caries prevention since the 1970s. It was declared safe for human consumption by the FDA in 1986.

• Xylitol disrupts Streptococcus mutans energy production, leading to cell death. It also reduces bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces and raises plaque pH to inhibit enamel demineralization.

• A 2022 meta-analysis of studies from 1966–2020 concluded that xylitol-containing products significantly prevented caries compared to non-xylitol controls.

• A 2024 systematic review found xylitol to be a valuable agent in dental caries prevention that increases saliva flow, reduces S. mutans levels, and is practically non-fermentable by oral bacteria.

• A meta-analysis of 11 trials showed a significant reduction in DMF/dmf index favouring xylitol vs all controls.

• Safety is well-established: side effects only occur at very high intakes (>40–50g/day), well above any toothpaste exposure.

• Menthol has well-documented antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antibiofilm properties and has been used in oral hygiene products for decades.

• A 2025 in vitro study testing 8 essential oils against S. mutans found that spearmint showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy of all oils tested, including clove, eucalyptus, and tea tree.

• A 2024 oral microbiome study (16S rRNA sequencing, n=20) found that a spearmint-containing mint blend decreased the abundance of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Actinomyces, and Leptotrichia — bacteria strongly associated with halitosis, dental caries, and periodontal disease.

Miswak has been used for oral hygiene for thousands of years and was formally endorsed by the World Health Organization in 1987 as an alternative oral hygiene aid.

• A 2020 evidence-based review covering studies from 2010–2020 found that all reviewed studies reported a positive effect of miswak across anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis, anti-cariogenic, wound healing, and whitening properties.

• A 2025 systematic review (10 RCTs, 442 participants) confirmed miswak exhibits positive antibacterial and antiplaque activity, reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.

• Miswak's active compounds include triethylamine, salvadorine, saponins, vitamin C, flavonoids, and natural fluoride — contributing to both mechanical cleaning and chemical antibacterial effects.

• Clinical studies have confirmed that toothpaste containing Salvadora persica extract is significantly more effective at removing dental plaque than leading conventional toothpastes.

Phenoxyethanol is a globally accepted, low-irritant preservative used at very low concentrations (≤1%) to maintain product safety and stability. It is approved by the EU, FDA, and TGA, and is widely regarded as one of the most well-tolerated preservatives available — a clean, paraben-free alternative.